Everything about Ellison D Smith totally explained
Ellison DuRant "Cotton Ed" Smith (
August 1,
1864 -
November 17,
1944) was a
Democratic Party politician from the
U.S. state of
South Carolina. He represented South Carolina in the
United States Senate from
1909 until
1944.
Smith was born in
Lynchburg, South Carolina. Smith attended the
University of South Carolina, where he was a member of
Kappa Alpha Order Fraternity, and graduated from
Wofford College in
1889. Smith served in the
South Carolina House of Representatives from
1896 to
1900. Smith was unsuccessful in his bid to become a member of the
U.S. House of Representatives in 1900. Smith then worked in the Agriculture industry, becoming a figure in the
cotton industry (which earned him the nickname "Cotton Ed").
Smith was elected to the
United States Senate in
1908. He was re-elected five times, although from 1920 until 1944, Smith had four close elections, with three of them leading to
run-off elections. Smith never won more than 61% in Democratic party primaries in this time.
In the 1930s, Smith emerged as an opponent to the
New Deal, leading President
Franklin Roosevelt to try unsuccessfully to have Smith defeated in the
1938 primary. Smith won re-election in a close election in that year. Cotton Ed Smith lost renomination for the Senate in
1944 to
Olin D. Johnston and he died soon afterwards, even before his Senate term had expired.
Smith opposed the woman's suffrage movement, and specifically the 19th Amendment to the United States Constitution. Tying the amendment to black suffrage, he warned on the Senate floor "Here is exactly the identical same amendment applied to the other half of the Negro race. The southern man who votes for the Susan B. Anthony Amendment votes to ratify the Fifteenth Amendment."
At the
1936 Democratic National Convention in Philadelphia, Smith walked out of the convention hall once he saw that a "Negro" minister was going to deliver the invocation. Smith recalled, "He started praying and I started walking. And from his great plantation in the sky,
John C. Calhoun bent down and whispered in my ear – 'You done good, Ed.'"
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